Possible Water Plumes on Jupiter's Moon Europa
Astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope have imaged what may be water vapour plumes erupting off the surface of Jupiter's moon Europa. The new findings support pervious Hubble observations suggesting the icy moon erupts with high altitude water vapour plumes.
 
SpaceX details its future plans for Mars
​SpaceX and Tesla boss Elon Musk has finally announced his long term vision for missions to Mars. The PayPal entrepreneur has unveiled plans for a fleet of massive reusable spacecraft -- each capable of carrying between 100 and 250 people and 450 tonnes of supplies to begin the process of colonizing the red planet.
 
Large meteor streaks across the night skies of central Queensland
Queensland was rocked by what appears to have been an air bursting meteor on Monday evening. Local residents in central and southern Queensland reported seeing a bright flash of light followed by a loud explosion at about half past eight local time.
 
One of the world’s largest radio telescopes opens
One of the largest radio telescopes ever built has formally opened in China. The Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope or FAST --nicknamed Tianyan or heavenly eye -- is a half a kilometre diameter dish located in a natural depression in southwestern China’s Guizhou Province.
 
Initial reports on the Falcon 9 rocket disaster
A breach in the upper stage helium pressurization system is being blamed for this month’s explosion which destroyed a Falcon 9 rocket at the Cape Canaveral Air force base in Florida. The preliminary findings come from an initial investigation looking into the disaster which occurred during fuelling for a static fire test of the launch vehicle.

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​Rosetta’s suicide death plunge about to begin
After a mission lasting more than 12 and a half years -- the European Space Agency’s Rosetta probe is now on its final orbital trajectory which will send it on a suicide death plunge onto the surface of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko on September 30.
 
Pluto’s heart shedding light on a possible buried ocean
A giant asteroid impact on the distant frozen world of Pluto -- deep in its past -- is offering new insights into the possibility of an ocean beneath the dwarf planet’s icy surface.
 
New study of photon radiation impacts on Earth
A new study combining multiple telescopes at different wavelengths has successfully made the most precise measurements ever undertaken of the total amount of radiation hitting the Earth -- finding that the planet is bombarded by about sextillion photons per square metre -- every second.
 
New Zealand space program leaves Australia for dead
While Australian politicians on both sides of the political fence have a long and sad history of showing their lack of vision and foresight when it comes to a local space program. Across the ditch New Zealand not only has a space agency -- but is now developing a satellite launch capability.

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​Quantum entanglement and the speed of light
New research indicates that quantum entanglement -- the effect Albert Einstein referred to as spooky action at a distance -- isn’t just stranger than we imagine – it’s stranger than we can imagine.
 
A new way to determine the age of stars
Scientists have developed a new way of understanding how stars like our Sun evolve. The new research is a first attempt to build a comprehensive model for the activity and evolution of these stars.
 
Discovery of an impossible cloud in the atmosphere of Titan
Astronomers have detected a puzzling ice cloud that’s apparently formed out of thin air in the Saturnian moon Titan. The cloud -- detected in Titan's stratosphere -- is composed of a compound of carbon and nitrogen in the chemical cocktail that colours the giant moon's hazy, brownish-orange atmosphere.

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Martian lakes around far longer than thought
There’s new evidence from Mars that lakes and snowmelt-fed streams on the red planet surface may have formed as recently as 2 to 3 billion years ago -- much later than previously thought possible. The new findings show that recently discovered lakes and streams appeared on the red planet’s northern Arabia Terra region roughly a billion years after a well-documented, earlier era of wet conditions on ancient Mars. 

Ceres pyramid mystery solved
A mysterious pyramid structure discovered by NASA’s Dawn spacecraft on the surface of the asteroid Ceres is now believed to be a recently active cryovolcano. The findings indicate the volcano which has been named Ahuna Mons – has only a few impact craters on its flanks -- indicating it was formed fairly recently -- within the last couple of hundred million years. 

September Equinox
The September equinox will take place at 21 minutes after midnight on the morning of Friday September 23rd Australian Eastern Standard time. The day marks the point in Earth’s orbit around the Sun when the planet’s rotational axial tilt means the Sun will appear to rise and set exactly due East to someone standing on the equator. 

China launches new space station
China has successfully launched a new space station. The Tiangong 2 was blasted into orbit aboard a Long March 2F rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in the Gobi desert. 

Arianespace launches five satellites on Vega rocket
Arianespace has successfully launched a Vega rocket carrying five Earth observation satellites into orbit. The three stage solid fuelled rocket blasted into to the black late night skies above the European Space Agency’s Kourou space port in French Guiana carrying PeruSat-1 and four small SkySat satellites for Google. 
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Perth Observatory birthday celebrations
The Perth Observatory is celebrating its 120th birthday on Saturday.  The observatory was the brainchild of Sir John Forrest who wanted to build an observatory for the isolated British colony of Western Australia.

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The most detailed ever map of the universe
The largest ever all sky celestial survey has published its first catalogue – pinning down the exact three dimensional positions and brightness of over a billion stars. The data from the European Space Agency’s Gaia spacecraft will form part of the most detailed map of the Milky Way galaxy ever created.
 
New gravitational wave research centre
Astronomers are still coming to terms with the scientific implications arising from the historic first ever detections of gravitational waves. Now the Australian Research Council has provided 31.3 million dollars in federal funding for a new centre of excellence at Swinburne University to study gravitational waves to better understand the extreme physics of black holes and warped space-time.
 
X-rays detected streaming from Pluto
Astronomers using NASA’s Chandra space telescope have detected X-rays streaming out of the distant world of Pluto. The discovery indicates that Pluto’s atmosphere is interacting with the solar wind in an unexpected and energetic fashion.

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​NASA’s OSIRIS-REx blasts into space on a mission to rendezvous with a potentially deadly asteroid
NASA’s Osiris-Rex spacecraft has successfully launched into space on a mission to rendezvous with the potentially deadly asteroid Bennu. The half kilometre wide mountain sized space rock -- which passes uncomfortably close to Earth every six years – has a 1 in 2700 chance of hitting the Earth in the 22nd century.
 
Rare fossil of the early Milky Way discovered
Astronomers have discovered a fossilized remnant of the early Milky Way. The stellar system reported in the Astrophysical Journal, was discovered The system -- named Terzan 5 -- is located 19 000 light-years away -- in the Galactic Bulge -- the tightly packed central region of the Milky Way galaxy.
 
Huge brown dwarf population discovered in our stellar neighbourhood
Astronomers have found a large population of failed stars known as brown dwarfs in our stellar neighborhood. The new findings reported in the Astrophysical Journal detected local 165 brown dwarfs during a survey which covered only about 28 percent of local space.
 
India launches new satellite
The Indian Space Research Organization has successfully launched its fifth space mission of the year carrying a new weather satellite into orbit. The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle or GSLV lifted off from India’s Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota on the Bay of Bengal.

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Philae found
Rosetta’s missing Philae lander has finally been found – less than a month before the end of the spacecraft’s historic mission to Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The tiny lander went missing during its touchdown on the surface of the five kilometre wide comet back in November 2014.  
New Trans Neptunian objects found in the search for Planet Nine
Astronomers searching the outer solar system for a proposed ninth planet have detected several never-before-seen small trans Neptunian objects at extreme distances from the Sun in the outer solar system. The new discoveries could help planet hunters narrow down the size and distance from the Sun of the predicted ninth planet. 
Scientists predict the existence of a new force particle to explain dark matter
Physicists say a new theoretical particle called the Madala boson might help explain dark matter.
Understanding dark matter is one of the biggest puzzles in science today. 
Sentinel-1A Struck by Space Debris
The European Space Agency’s Sentinel-1A Earth Observation has been damaged by impacting space junk.
On August 23rd something crashed into one of the spacecraft’s solar arrays. 
Expedition 48 returns home
Three expedition 48 crew members have returned safely to Earth following their 172 day mission aboard the International Space Station.
The Soyuz TMA-20 M capsule parachuted down to an early morning landing of the windswept Kazakhstan Step three hours and 22 minutes after undocking from the orbiting outpost’sPoisk docking module. 
Dragon splashdown
A SpaceX dragon cargo ship carrying over 1400 kilograms of scientific experiments and equipment has successfully splashed down in the North Pacific Ocean less than six hours after undocking from the International Space Station. The Dragon CRS-9 capsule had been berthed at the orbiting outpost for just over a month on a resupply mission.  
Skywatch
Jonathan Nally is the editor of Australian Sky and Telescope magazine joins us to check out the night skies of September on Skywatch.  
NASA successfully test-fires its new rocket engine
NASA has successfully tested its RS-25 rocket engine which will power the agency’s massive new Space Launch System -- SLS rocket designed for deep space missions to the Moon, Mars and beyond. The seven and a half minute full thrust engine test took place at NASA’s Stennis Space Centre in Mississippi. 
New rocket engine record set
NASA and the United States Naval Research Lab have just set a new Guinness World record for the most rocket engines installed on a single launch vehicle. The Charged Aerosol Release Experiment rocket was fitted with 44 small rocket engines.

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All system’s go for NASA’s mission to a potentially deadly asteroid
The final countdown is underway for tomorrow’s launch of NASA’s OSIRIS-REx spacecraft on a seven year journey to visit the potentially deadly Near Earth Asteroid Bennu. The half kilometre wide space rock has a 1 in 2500 chance of impacting the Earth in the 22nd century
 
Has the alien megastructure star mystery been solved
Astronomers think they may finally have solved the mystery surrounding a weird erratically flickering and dimming star -- whose strange behaviour -- sparked speculation that it could have been our first sign of an advanced alien civilization. Astronomers now think that what they’re actually seeing is a new stage of stellar evolution in newly formed stars.
 
Mystery SETI signal earthly rather than alien
A mystery signal detected by Russian astronomers working for SETI Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence has been identified as human rather than alien in origin. After additional processing and analysis, astronomers think the signal is most probably terrestrial in origin.
 
Annular solar eclipse over Africa 
Africa played centre stage on the morning of September first to a spectacular annular solar eclipse with the Moon passing directly in front of the Sun giving the appearance of leaving a ring of fire over the continent for several seconds. The eclipse was annular rather than total because the Moon was a bit further away from the Earth and so didn’t cover all of the Sun’s face.

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​First stars formed later than previously thought 
New research has discovered that the first stars in the Universe began shining far later than previously thought. The findings – based on new data from the European Space Agency’s Planck satellite -- also indicate that these first generation stars were the only sources needed to re-ionize the entire universe – giving us the cosmos we see today.
 
New study raising puzzling questions about galaxy evolution
A new study charting the rise and fall of galaxies over 90 percent of cosmic history -- has discovered galactic diversity in the early universe was similar to what astronomers see today. The new findings raise some profound questions about galactic evolution – how could galaxies which appear old and no longer make stars – exist in such a young universe.
 
Asteroid close encounter
It’s been revealed that the Earth barely escaped being hit by an asteroid on Saturday. The 34 metre wide space rock flew past the Earth at a distance of just 84 thousand 619 kilometres – just hours after first being discovered.

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