New Hubble Images Show Winds Near Edge of Jupiter's Great Red Spot Accelerating

SpaceTime S24E117 AI Transcript

[00:00:00] Stuart: This is space time series 24 episode 117 for broadcast on the 15th of October, 2021. Coming up on space time. The winds in Jupiter's great red spot is speeding up. NASA's deep space. Atomic clock completes its mission and dragon returns to earth full of completed experiments from the international space station, or that are more coming up on space time.

[00:00:28] VO Guy: Welcome to space time with Stuart, Gary

[00:00:47] Stuart: A new study based on images taken by neces Hubble space telescope show that the winds near the edge of Jupiter's great red spot are accelerating. The great red spot is a persistent high pressure region of the atmosphere of Jupiter Southern hemisphere producing the solar system's largest Addie cyclonic storm observations of the storm.

Go back to at least 1665, suggesting that the Tempest has been active for well over 350 years. The great red spot is an upwelling of material from deep inside Jupiter's interior. The cloud tops of the storm are some eight kilometers above the surrounding cloud tops. If seen side-on the storm, whatever tiered wedding cake structure with high clouds at the center, cascading down towards Adelaide has infrared data suggest a great red spot is colder than its surroundings, but that will be due to its higher altitude than most of Jupiter's other clouds.

Yeah. And interestingly, the upper atmosphere directly above the Tempest is substantially higher in temperature than the rest of the planet. It's really its color is thought to be caused by chemical products created from the solar ultraviolet radiation of ammonium hydrogen sulfide, and the organic compound acetylene, which produces a reddish material.

Most likely complex organic compounds called thoroughly. The new findings reported in the journal. Geophysical research letters are based on more than a decade of detailed Hubble observations site has found that the great red spots, average wind speed just within the boundaries of the storm. Known as a high-speed ring has increased by up to 8% from 2009 to 2020.

In contrast Wednesday, the great red spots in immersed region are moving significantly more slowly. Astronomers reached their findings by tracking wind vector data, looking at speed and direction from hundreds of thousands of locations in the anticyclones each time Jupiter was observed by Hubble as to what these findings could mean.

Well, that's hard to diagnose since Hubble, can't see the bottom of the storm very well. Anything below the cloud tops is invisible in the data, but it's still an intriguing bit of data which can help scientists better understand what's fueling the great red spot and how it's maintaining. The massive Crimson color clouds are spinning.

Counter-clockwise at speeds of more than 650 kilometers per hour. And the vortex is bigger than the planet earth, but it's been steadily shrinking in size over the past hundred years or so. In fact, measurements taken back in the late 18 hundreds show. It was around 41,000 kilometers wide. Big enough to fit three years.

But by 1979 nurses, twin voyage emissions flew past the gas giant measuring the great red spot at just 23,300 kilometers across then a Hubble image taken in 1995. Measured the spotter just 21,000 kilometers wide. And by 2009, it had shrunk to just 18,000 kilometers wide. In 2012 observations revealed a noticeable increase in the rate at which the spot was shrinking by some managers and 33 kilometers every year.

And also it was changing in shape from an oval to a circle. It was also changing color from a deep red ochre to a pale pink, sometimes even wide. The most recent measurements show that the great red spots Raider shrinkage has slowed down. But it's now just 16,100 kilometers across and decidedly orange in color as to what that means for its future.

Well, no one really knows this it's space time. Still the comma NASA's deep space, atomic clock, completed submission, and the space takes dragging cargo ship spices down safely in the north Atlantic ocean loaded with equipment and completed experiments from the international space station, all that and more storage.

Um, space time.

NASA says it's experimental deep space. Atomic clock has now completed its mission. The instrument was deployed on general Atomics over the testbed spacecraft, which was launched on a space X Falcon, heavy rocket as part of a us defense department test program. The Clark's mission was to test the feasibility of using an onboard atomic clock to improve spacecraft navigation in deep space.

Well, the atomic clocks are the most stable timekeepers on the planet. They still have tiny instabilities that can cause minute lags or offsets in the clocks time. Versus the actual time left on corrected. These offsets will add up and could lead to large errors in position. Well, fractions of a second might only mean the difference between which turnoff you take using satellite navigation.

It could mean the difference between safely arriving at Mars or missing the planet altogether, and a deep space mission, atomic clocks and global positioning system navigation satellites are updated twice daily by base stations on the ground in order to keep the Mac. But having to send frequent updates from earth to an atomic clock in deep space, far beyond earth space would not be practical.

And with the feet, the very purpose of equipping a spacecraft with one. So currently spacecraft and deep space missions rely on ground-based atomic clocks to measure a spacecraft trajectory as it travels beyond the moon navigators use these timekeepers to precisely track when the signals are sent and received.

Because navigators know that radio signals travel at around 300,000 kilometers per second speed of light in a vacuum. They can use these time measurements to calculate the spacecraft's exact distance, speed, and direction of travel. But the further spacecraft is the way from the earth. The longer it takes to send and receive signals from several minutes, just beyond the moon to more than six hours out near Pluto.

And that significantly affects these calculations. However, by fitting spacecraft with an onboard atomic clock paired to the navigation system, a spaceship could instantaneously calculate where it is and where it's going, but it all depends on how accurate the atomic clock. So NASA's jet propulsion laboratory in Pasadena, California builds an ultra precise mercury eye on atomic clock.

No larger than a toaster, just 25 centimeters on each side, noticed the test just how will it could keep time to the nanosecond without regular updates. After a successful year, long primary mission in earth orbit and emission extension NASA found that the atomic clock had built was more than an order of magnitude, better than GPS atomic clocks with a deviation of less than four nanoseconds in 20 days, the data collected by this mission will now be used on the deep space atomic clock to project, which will travel.

The Venus subordinates is very test spacecraft, which launches in 2020. Like it's predecessor. The deep space atomic clock to will be a technology demonstrator, meaning that various tests won't depend on it in order to fulfill its goals. But this next generation will be smaller, useless power, and be designed to support a multi-year mission like Veritas this report from their CTV.

How do we navigate through. The currently spacecraft flying beyond earth. Don't have a GPS to find their way through space navigators on earth, send a signal to the spacecraft which receives it and sends it back extremely precise clocks on the ground called atomic clocks measure. How long it takes the signal to make this two-way journey.

The amount of time tells them how far away the spacecraft is and how fast it's going or farther out in space. The spacecraft is the longer it takes to receive and send the signal. But what if humans are sent to another planet like Mars, a two way system that sends a signal from earth to a spacecraft back to earth, and then to the spacecraft, again, would take an average of.

Imagine if the GPS on your phone took 40 minutes to calculate your position, you might miss your turn or be several exits down the highway. Before it caught up with you. If humans traveled to the red planet, it would be better. If the system was one way, allowing the explorers to immediately determine their current position, rather than waiting for that information to come back from earth.

NASA is testing new technology that would allow future explorers to do justice. The deep space, atomic clock is the first demonstration of an atomic clock that can be used for navigation in deep space. It will allow a spacecraft to calculate its own trajectory. Instead of depending on earth. If a spacecraft had one of these clocks on board, it could receive a signal from one of those bigger antennas on earth and quickly measure its speed and position.

The deep space atomic clock could one day let astronauts navigate safely and accurately Mars. And. This technology demonstration is the first step in making one way space, navigation, or reality.

This is space time still the com a space X dragon cargo ship, safely splashes down to the north Atlantic ocean loaded with equipment and completed experiments from the international space station. And later in the science report, Russia undertakes two new Zurich on hypersonic cruise missile tests, including one from a submerged, sat, Moraine, all that and more store to camp.

On space-time

uh, space X, dragon cargo ship has returned safely to worth splashing down to the north Atlantic ocean loaded with equipment and completed experiments from the international space station. The Sierra is 23 capsule was quickly retrieved by space X recovery teams and taken back to the Kennedy space center in Florida.

The mission had launched the border Falcon nine rocket from the Cape Canaveral air force station. Back on August the 29th, the experiments carried a board. Dragon included the ring share drop experiment, which tested a device that uses surface tension rather than a solid container to hold liquids any possible in micro gravity.

It was used to study protein aggregates called amyloid fibrils, which may be involved in Alzheimer's disease as well as Parkinson and type two diabetes. Also a board was an experiment to inhibit muscle atrophy in micro gravity and the genes in space, eight research experiment, which looked at how changes in the levels of liver enzymes can affect how the body metabolizes some drugs.

The mission alert, a quick returner worth of time, sensitive experiments, allowing scientists to look at samples sooner before gravity said a chance to take its full effect. It also means that ground controls and space flight samples can be tested in the same lab at the Kennedy space center, allowing more consistent resolved.

and Tom Matta to take another brief, look at some of the other stories, making using sides this week with the science science. And new study shows that losing 15% or more of your body weight could help people with type two diabetes. The findings are reported in the Lancet medical journal show. Weight reduction could slow the progression of the disease, reduce complications, and may even reverse the disease.

In many cases, the authors say of the study was circumventing. They believe a loss of 15% of your body weight should become a central focus in all cases of managing tattoo diabetes. The Russians have carried at two news, go on hypersonic, cruise missile tests, including one from the submerged nuclear submarine.

Well, the circle on is previous to being launched from the air and surface. This was the first time the Mac five capable missile has been launched from underwater. Moscow says the sub fighters messed up from a depth of 40 meters or 141 feet successfully hitting its target. A thousand kilometers away in the Barents sea in Russia's army.

The advantage of hypersonic missiles is that they're so fast. Anti-missile systems don't have time to react also because they're traveling so fast, they don't need to carry any explosives. Their kinetic energy and impact alone is the equivalent of four tons of TNT. Paleontologist on the olive wider found fossils of two new species of spinal cirrhosis, a group of predatory theropod dinosaurs closely related to the giant spinosaurus.

There are unusual crocodile like skulls allow this group of mediators to expand their diets, allowing them to hunt prey, both online and in the water. Local fossil seek is found parts of two skulls and a team from the dinosaur island museum recovered a large portion of a tail. So far more than 50 burns have been recovered from the site known as the west six formation, which states back some wanted and 25 million years to the early Cretaceous.

The new findings published in the journal. Scientific reports suggest birth dinosaurs were around nine meters, long age and belonged to species previously, unknown to science. The first specimen has been named Sarah to Sue cups, infrared or the horn crocodile faced hell Heron and features a series of low horns and bumps on the meeting.

The Brower region. The second fossil has been named ripper overnight mill nary, or Milner's riverbank hunter in honor of the esteem, British paleontologist, Angela Milner, who recently passed away. Well, in case you still needed proof that there's one, but when every minute comes news of Samantha Millman's, who claims to be a pet psychic that's right.

For the right amount of money, the 50 year old animal communicator, and part-time pet detective it lives with a partner. Greg at professional cat sitter will tell your pets. Tim Menem from Australian skeptic says she predicts a good year for Guinea, pigs and budges, but a Badger, if a Staffordshire terrier is in goldfish, that's all, he just came across a story that a silly, um, other than that, how you, how you qualify to be a pet psychic or an animal communicator outside, she got, she had to do a vision quest or spiritual retreat.

So she'd see done that. And therefore she qualifies as an animal communicator and.

He probably does. Uh, I'm not quite sure where to turn her cat. Who's 16 years old. She has my predictions for the wellbeing of various animal breeds. I she's she's, she's a Brit. So presumably they supply to prediction in the UK, but, uh, it's, it's going to be great if about these Guinea pigs are going to do well.

So doing okay, but, uh, Staffies, stuffy bull terriers are going to have a struggle and pooches will need a lot of reassurance and they're coming here. The ones that are really going to do poorly are I'm afraid. Goldfish in the water.

Now that you've said that it's okay, because it's not going to happen until December. If the same, a lot of bulk is going to die in December and she recommended the cost of some kind of fungal infections. I'm not quite sure how you spread fungal infections in goldfish, but everybody, everybody at the same time and a lot of.

I guess it's going to be abandoned in January. I don't know at these presents. Well, that's actually, yeah, that happens. Unfortunately, pets, uh, uh, humans are evil people sometimes and they consider pets to be a disposable things, which they're not. Well, you don't see many Afghans around anymore. I mean, that became dogs around any have much anymore.

They were fashionable at one stage and now they're really unfashionable. Cause they have to be thought of, I don't know how you pick one particular month for one particular breed that if people do sort of get a, get a dog for Christmas and then by January, they'll think of it in late thumping on the PCI and whatever I would suggest.

If you're going to put your money on anybody, don't put your money up. That's to Mendham from astray in skeptics.

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